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German Shepherd: temperament, health and care
German Shepherd: temperament, exercise and grooming needs, common health problems and who this dog suits.
This is general information for the UK. It is not veterinary or legal advice, and every animal is different. Speak to a vet about your pet's health, and check current rules on GOV.UK, or with your local authority. The Be Pet Wise app can also show rules for other countries.
At a glance
| Size | Large, about 22–40 kg |
|---|---|
| Typical lifespan | 9–13 years |
| Exercise | High: exercise and training every day |
| Grooming | Double coat that sheds heavily; brush several times a week |
Temperament and who it suits
Loyal, intelligent and protective; needs training and early socialisation.
Often suits: experienced owners who can train and exercise a working breed.
Poor breeding lines can carry more health problems, so choose breeders who health-test.
Health problems to know about
- Hip and elbow dysplasia
- degenerative myelopathy
- bloat
- digestive problems
Individuals vary. Ask breeders about health testing, and keep up with vet checks, vaccination and weight control.
Care, law and costs
See our general guide to dogs for feeding, the law in the UK, what it costs and emergencies.
Frequently asked questions
How long do German Shepherd dogs live?
German Shepherd dogs typically live 9–13 years. Individual health, diet and weight all matter.
How much exercise does a German Shepherd need?
High: exercise and training every day.
What health problems are common in a German Shepherd?
Common concerns include: hip and elbow dysplasia; degenerative myelopathy; bloat; digestive problems.
How much grooming does a German Shepherd need?
Double coat that sheds heavily; brush several times a week.
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Open Be Pet WiseBrowse all guidesReviewed 2026-09-20. General information for the UK, not veterinary or legal advice. See a vet for any health concern.