Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Checked against current published health guidance — last reviewed 2026-09-22. See how we check.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) typically causes pain or burning when urinating, needing to go more often, and cloudy or strong-smelling urine, and mild cases can improve with fluids and pharmacy advice. Fever, back pain, or feeling generally very unwell can mean the infection has spread to the kidneys and needs prompt medical attention.
Overview
UTIs happen when bacteria get into the urinary tract, most often the bladder. They're common, especially in women, and usually cause localised symptoms without making you feel generally unwell.
Mild bladder infections often settle with simple measures, though many people are prescribed a short course of antibiotics to clear the infection and prevent it spreading.
What may help
- Drink plenty of water to help flush the urinary tract
- A pharmacist can advise on pain relief and whether your symptoms need a GP review
- Urinate as soon as you feel the need, and empty your bladder fully
- Avoid caffeine and alcohol until symptoms settle, as they can irritate the bladder
When to see a pharmacist or GP
- Symptoms of a UTI, especially if this is the first time or symptoms are more than mild
- Symptoms not improving within a couple of days of starting treatment
- Recurrent UTIs — happening several times a year
- You're pregnant and think you have a UTI — this always needs prompt assessment
When it could be an emergency
- Fever, chills, or shivering alongside urinary symptoms
- Pain in the back or side (possible kidney infection)
- Confusion or sudden agitation, especially in older adults — can be the main sign of infection
- Blood in the urine, or feeling seriously unwell
If any of these apply, don't wait — check Red Flags for your country's emergency number, or go straight to your nearest emergency department.
Want more detail, tailored to your own situation?
Look up "Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)" in the appCommon questions
Are UTIs more common in women?
Yes — anatomical differences make UTIs significantly more common in women, though men, children, and people of any age can get them too.
Do I always need antibiotics for a UTI?
Not always for very mild symptoms, but most confirmed UTIs are treated with a short course of antibiotics — a pharmacist or GP can advise based on your symptoms.
Can cranberry juice prevent UTIs?
Evidence is mixed and it isn't a substitute for medical treatment if you have symptoms, though staying well hydrated generally does help.
Read more on the NHS website →
General information only, last checked 2026-09-22 — not medical advice and not a diagnosis. This page doesn't cover every cause or every person's situation; for anything specific to you or someone in your care, speak to a pharmacist, GP, or other qualified professional. Content is checked against current published guidance from official public health sources — see how we check. Be Health Wise is part of the Be Wise family of apps.